学习目标:
能够理解Spring的优缺点
能够理解SpringBoot的特点
能够理解SpringBoot的核心功能
能够搭建SpringBoot的环境
能够完成application.properties配置文件的配置
能够完成application.yml配置文件的配置
能够使用SpringBoot集成Mybatis
能够使用SpringBoot集成Junit
能够使用SpringBoot集成SpringData JPA
一、SpringBoot概述 1.1 原有Spring优缺点分析 虽然Spring的组件代码是轻量级的,但它的配置却是重量级
的。一开始,Spring用XML配置,而且是很多XML配置。Spring 2.5引入了基于注解的组件扫描,这消除了大量针对应用程序自身组件的显式XML配置。Spring 3.0引入了基于Java的配置
,这是一种类型安全的可重构配置方式,可以代替XML。
除此之外,项目的依赖管理也是一件耗时耗力的事情。在环境搭建时,需要分析要导入哪些库的坐标,而且还需要分析导入与之有依赖关系的其他库的坐标,一旦选错了依赖的版本,随之而来的不兼容问题就会严重阻碍项目的开发进度。
1.2 SpringBoot解决上述Spring的缺点 SpringBoot对上述Spring的缺点进行的改善和优化,基于约定优于配置的思想,可以让开发人员不必在配置与逻辑业务之间进行思维的切换,全身心的投入到逻辑业务的代码编写中,从而大大提高了开发的效率,一定程度上缩短了项目周期。
为基于Spring的开发提供更快的入门体验
开箱即用,没有代码生成,也无需XML配置
。同时也可以修改默认值来满足特定的需求
提供了一些大型项目中常见的非功能性特性,如嵌入式服务器、安全、指标,健康检测、外部配置等
SpringBoot不是对Spring功能上的增强,而是提供了一种快速使用Spring的方式
1.3 SpringBoot的核心功能
起步依赖
起步依赖本质上是一个Maven项目对象模型(Project Object Model,POM),定义了对其他库的传递依赖,这些东西加在一起即支持某项功能。
简单的说,起步依赖就是将具备某种功能的坐标打包到一起
,并提供一些默认的功能。
自动配置
Spring Boot的自动配置是一个运行时(更准确地说,是应用程序启动时)的过程,考虑了众多因素,才决定Spring配置应该用哪个,不该用哪个。该过程是Spring自动完成的。
二、SpringBoot快速入门 2.1 代码实现 2.1.1 创建Maven工程 使用idea工具创建一个maven工程,该工程为普通的java工程即可
2.1.2 添加SpringBoot的起步依赖 SpringBoot要求,项目要继承SpringBoot的起步依赖spring-boot-starter-parent
<parent > <groupId > org.springframework.boot</groupId > <artifactId > spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId > <version > 2.0.1.RELEASE</version > </parent >
SpringBoot要集成SpringMVC
进行Controller的开发,所以项目要导入web的启动依赖
<dependencies > <dependency > <groupId > org.springframework.boot</groupId > <artifactId > spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId > </dependency > </dependencies >
2.1.3 编写SpringBoot引导类 要通过SpringBoot提供的引导类起步SpringBoot才可以进行访问
package com.itheima;import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;@SpringBootApplication public class MySpringBootApplication { public static void main (String[] args) { SpringApplication.run(MySpringBootApplication.class ) ; } }
2.1.4 编写Controller 在引导类MySpringBootApplication同级包或者子级包中创建QuickStartController
package com.itheima.controller;import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ResponseBody;@RestController public class QuickStartController { @RequestMapping ("/quick" ) public String quick () { return "springboot 访问成功!" ; } }
2.1.5 测试 执行SpringBoot起步类的主方法,控制台打印日志如下:
. ____ _ __ _ _ /\\ / ___'_ __ _ _(_)_ __ __ _ \ \ \ \ ( ( )\___ | '_ | '_| | '_ \/ _` | \ \ \ \ \\/ ___)| |_)| | | | | || (_| | ) ) ) ) ' |____| .__|_| |_|_| |_\__, | / / / / =========|_|==============|___/=/_/_/_/ :: Spring Boot :: (v2.0.1.RELEASE) 2018-05-08 14:29:59.714 INFO 5672 --- [ main] com.itheima.MySpringBootApplication : Starting MySpringBootApplication on DESKTOP-RRUNFUH with PID 5672 (C:\Users\muzimoo\IdeaProjects\IdeaTest\springboot_quick\target\classes started by muzimoo in C:\Users\muzimoo\IdeaProjects\IdeaTest) ... ... ... o.s.w.s.handler.SimpleUrlHandlerMapping : Mapped URL path [/**] onto handler of type [class org.springframework.web.servlet.resource.ResourceHttpRequestHandler] 2018-05-08 14:30:03.126 INFO 5672 --- [ main] o.s.j.e.a.AnnotationMBeanExporter : Registering beans for JMX exposure on startup 2018-05-08 14:30:03.196 INFO 5672 --- [ main] o.s.b.w.embedded.tomcat.TomcatWebServer : Tomcat started on port(s): 8080 (http) with context path '' 2018-05-08 14:30:03.206 INFO 5672 --- [ main] com.itheima.MySpringBootApplication : Started MySpringBootApplication in 4.252 seconds (JVM running for 5.583)
通过日志发现,Tomcat started on port(s): 8080 (http) with context path ‘’
tomcat已经起步,端口监听8080,web应用的虚拟工程名称为空
打开浏览器访问url地址为:http://localhost:8080/quick
2.2 快速入门解析 2.2.2 SpringBoot代码解析
@SpringBootApplication:标注SpringBoot的启动类
,该注解具备多种功能(后面详细剖析)
SpringApplication.run(MySpringBootApplication.class) 代表运行SpringBoot的启动类,参数为SpringBoot启动类的字节码对象
2.2.3 SpringBoot工程热部署 我们在开发中反复修改类、页面等资源,每次修改后都是需要重新启动才生效,这样每次启动都很麻烦,浪费了大量的时间,我们可以在修改代码后不重启就能生效,在 pom.xml 中添加如下配置就可以实现这样的功能,我们称之为热部署
。
<dependency > <groupId > org.springframework.boot</groupId > <artifactId > spring-boot-devtools</artifactId > </dependency >
注意:IDEA进行SpringBoot热部署失败原因
出现这种情况,并不是热部署配置问题,其根本原因是因为Intellij IEDA默认情况下不会自动编译,需要对IDEA进行自动编译的设置,如下:
然后 Shift+Ctrl+Alt+/,选择Registry
2.2.4 使用idea快速创建SpringBoot项目 通过idea快速创建的SpringBoot项目的pom.xml中已经导入了我们选择的web的起步依赖的坐标
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <project xmlns ="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi ="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation ="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd" > <modelVersion > 4.0.0</modelVersion > <groupId > com.itheima</groupId > <artifactId > springboot_quick2</artifactId > <version > 0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version > <packaging > jar</packaging > <name > springboot_quick2</name > <description > Demo project for Spring Boot</description > <parent > <groupId > org.springframework.boot</groupId > <artifactId > spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId > <version > 2.0.1.RELEASE</version > <relativePath /> </parent > <properties > <project.build.sourceEncoding > UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding > <project.reporting.outputEncoding > UTF-8</project.reporting.outputEncoding > <java.version > 9</java.version > </properties > <dependencies > <dependency > <groupId > org.springframework.boot</groupId > <artifactId > spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId > </dependency > <dependency > <groupId > org.springframework.boot</groupId > <artifactId > spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId > <scope > test</scope > </dependency > </dependencies > <build > <plugins > <plugin > <groupId > org.springframework.boot</groupId > <artifactId > spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId > </plugin > </plugins > </build > </project >
可以使用快速入门的方式创建Controller进行访问,此处不再赘述
三、SpringBoot原理分析(重点) 3.1 起步依赖原理分析 3.1.1 分析spring-boot-starter-parent 按住Ctrl点击pom.xml中的spring-boot-starter-parent,跳转到了spring-boot-starter-parent的pom.xml,xml配置如下(只摘抄了部分重点配置):
<parent > <groupId > org.springframework.boot</groupId > <artifactId > spring-boot-dependencies</artifactId > <version > 2.0.1.RELEASE</version > <relativePath > ../../spring-boot-dependencies</relativePath > </parent >
按住Ctrl点击pom.xml中的spring-boot-starter-dependencies,跳转到了spring-boot-starter-dependencies的pom.xml,xml配置如下(只摘抄了部分重点配置):
<properties > <activemq.version > 5.15.3</activemq.version > <antlr2.version > 2.7.7</antlr2.version > <appengine-sdk.version > 1.9.63</appengine-sdk.version > <artemis.version > 2.4.0</artemis.version > <aspectj.version > 1.8.13</aspectj.version > <assertj.version > 3.9.1</assertj.version > <atomikos.version > 4.0.6</atomikos.version > <bitronix.version > 2.1.4</bitronix.version > <build-helper-maven-plugin.version > 3.0.0</build-helper-maven-plugin.version > <byte-buddy.version > 1.7.11</byte-buddy.version > ... ... ... </properties > <dependencyManagement > <dependencies > <dependency > <groupId > org.springframework.boot</groupId > <artifactId > spring-boot</artifactId > <version > 2.0.1.RELEASE</version > </dependency > <dependency > <groupId > org.springframework.boot</groupId > <artifactId > spring-boot-test</artifactId > <version > 2.0.1.RELEASE</version > </dependency > ... ... ... </dependencies > </dependencyManagement > <build > <pluginManagement > <plugins > <plugin > <groupId > org.jetbrains.kotlin</groupId > <artifactId > kotlin-maven-plugin</artifactId > <version > ${kotlin.version}</version > </plugin > <plugin > <groupId > org.jooq</groupId > <artifactId > jooq-codegen-maven</artifactId > <version > ${jooq.version}</version > </plugin > <plugin > <groupId > org.springframework.boot</groupId > <artifactId > spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId > <version > 2.0.1.RELEASE</version > </plugin > ... ... ... </plugins > </pluginManagement > </build >
从上面的spring-boot-starter-dependencies的pom.xml中我们可以发现,一部分坐标的版本、依赖管理、插件管理已经定义好,所以我们的SpringBoot工程继承spring-boot-starter-parent后已经具备版本锁定等配置了。所以起步依赖的作用就是进行依赖的传递。
3.1.2 分析spring-boot-starter-web 按住Ctrl点击pom.xml中的spring-boot-starter-web,跳转到了spring-boot-starter-web的pom.xml,xml配置如下(只摘抄了部分重点配置):
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <project xsi:schemaLocation ="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd" xmlns ="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi ="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" > <modelVersion > 4.0.0</modelVersion > <parent > <groupId > org.springframework.boot</groupId > <artifactId > spring-boot-starters</artifactId > <version > 2.0.1.RELEASE</version > </parent > <groupId > org.springframework.boot</groupId > <artifactId > spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId > <version > 2.0.1.RELEASE</version > <name > Spring Boot Web Starter</name > <dependencies > <dependency > <groupId > org.springframework.boot</groupId > <artifactId > spring-boot-starter</artifactId > <version > 2.0.1.RELEASE</version > <scope > compile</scope > </dependency > <dependency > <groupId > org.springframework.boot</groupId > <artifactId > spring-boot-starter-json</artifactId > <version > 2.0.1.RELEASE</version > <scope > compile</scope > </dependency > <dependency > <groupId > org.springframework.boot</groupId > <artifactId > spring-boot-starter-tomcat</artifactId > <version > 2.0.1.RELEASE</version > <scope > compile</scope > </dependency > <dependency > <groupId > org.hibernate.validator</groupId > <artifactId > hibernate-validator</artifactId > <version > 6.0.9.Final</version > <scope > compile</scope > </dependency > <dependency > <groupId > org.springframework</groupId > <artifactId > spring-web</artifactId > <version > 5.0.5.RELEASE</version > <scope > compile</scope > </dependency > <dependency > <groupId > org.springframework</groupId > <artifactId > spring-webmvc</artifactId > <version > 5.0.5.RELEASE</version > <scope > compile</scope > </dependency > </dependencies > </project >
从上面的spring-boot-starter-web的pom.xml中我们可以发现,spring-boot-starter-web就是将web开发要使用的spring-web、spring-webmvc等坐标进行了“打包”,这样我们的工程只要引入spring-boot-starter-web起步依赖的坐标就可以进行web开发了,同样体现了依赖传递的作用。
3.2 自动配置原理解析 按住Ctrl点击查看启动类MySpringBootApplication上的注解@SpringBootApplication
@SpringBootApplication public class MySpringBootApplication { public static void main (String[] args) { SpringApplication.run(MySpringBootApplication.class ) ; } }
注解@SpringBootApplication的源码
@Target (ElementType.TYPE)@Retention (RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)@Documented @Inherited @SpringBootConfiguration @EnableAutoConfiguration @ComponentScan (excludeFilters = { @Filter (type = FilterType.CUSTOM, classes = TypeExcludeFilter.class ), @Filter (type = FilterType.CUSTOM, classes = AutoConfigurationExcludeFilter.class ) }) public @interface SpringBootApplication { @AliasFor (annotation = EnableAutoConfiguration.class ) Class<?>[] exclude() default {}; ... ... ... }
其中,
@SpringBootConfiguration:等同与@Configuration,既标注该类是Spring的一个配置类
@EnableAutoConfiguration:SpringBoot自动配置功能开启
按住Ctrl点击查看注解@EnableAutoConfiguration
@Target (ElementType.TYPE)@Retention (RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)@Documented @Inherited @AutoConfigurationPackage @Import (AutoConfigurationImportSelector.class ) public @interface EnableAutoConfiguration { ... ... ... }
其中,@Import(AutoConfigurationImportSelector.class) 导入了AutoConfigurationImportSelector类
按住Ctrl点击查看AutoConfigurationImportSelector源码
public String[] selectImports(AnnotationMetadata annotationMetadata) { ... ... ... List<String> configurations = getCandidateConfigurations(annotationMetadata, attributes); configurations = removeDuplicates(configurations); Set<String> exclusions = getExclusions(annotationMetadata, attributes); checkExcludedClasses(configurations, exclusions); configurations.removeAll(exclusions); configurations = filter(configurations, autoConfigurationMetadata); fireAutoConfigurationImportEvents(configurations, exclusions); return StringUtils.toStringArray(configurations); } protected List<String> getCandidateConfigurations (AnnotationMetadata metadata, AnnotationAttributes attributes) { List<String> configurations = SpringFactoriesLoader.loadFactoryNames( getSpringFactoriesLoaderFactoryClass(), getBeanClassLoader()); return configurations; }
其中,SpringFactoriesLoader.loadFactoryNames 方法的作用就是从META-INF/spring.factories文件中读取指定类对应的类名称列表
spring.factories 文件中有关自动配置的配置信息如下:
... ... ... org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.reactive.function.client.WebClientAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.servlet.DispatcherServletAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.servlet.ServletWebServerFactoryAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.servlet.error.ErrorMvcAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.servlet.HttpEncodingAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.servlet.MultipartAutoConfiguration,\ ... ... ...
上面配置文件存在大量的以Configuration为结尾的类名称,这些类就是存有自动配置信息的类,而SpringApplication在获取这些类名后再加载
我们以ServletWebServerFactoryAutoConfiguration为例来分析源码:
@Configuration @AutoConfigureOrder (Ordered.HIGHEST_PRECEDENCE)@ConditionalOnClass (ServletRequest.class ) @ConditionalOnWebApplication (type = Type.SERVLET)@EnableConfigurationProperties (ServerProperties.class ) @Import ( { ServletWebServerFactoryAutoConfiguration.BeanPostProcessorsRegistrar.class , ServletWebServerFactoryConfiguration .EmbeddedTomcat .class , ServletWebServerFactoryConfiguration .EmbeddedJetty .class , ServletWebServerFactoryConfiguration .EmbeddedUndertow .class }) public class ServletWebServerFactoryAutoConfiguration { ... ... ... }
其中,
@EnableConfigurationProperties(ServerProperties.class) 代表加载ServerProperties服务器配置属性类
进入ServerProperties.class源码如下:
@ConfigurationProperties (prefix = "server" , ignoreUnknownFields = true )public class ServerProperties { private Integer port; private InetAddress address; ... ... ... }
其中,
prefix = “server” 表示SpringBoot配置文件中的前缀,SpringBoot会将配置文件中以server开始的属性映射到该类的字段中。映射关系如下:
四、SpringBoot的配置文件 4.1 SpringBoot配置文件类型 4.1.1 SpringBoot配置文件类型和作用 SpringBoot是基于约定的,所以很多配置都有默认值,但如果想使用自己的配置替换默认配置的话,就可以使用application.properties或者application.yml(application.yaml)进行配置。
SpringBoot默认会从Resources目录下加载application.properties或application.yml(application.yaml)文件
其中,application.properties文件是键值对类型的文件,之前一直在使用,所以此处不在对properties文件的格式进行阐述。除了properties文件外,SpringBoot还可以使用yml文件进行配置,下面对yml文件进行讲解。
4.1.2 application.yml配置文件 4.1.2.1 yml配置文件简介 YML文件格式是YAML (YAML Aint Markup Language)编写的文件格式,YAML是一种直观的能够被电脑识别的的数据数据序列化格式,并且容易被人类阅读,容易和脚本语言交互的,可以被支持YAML库的不同的编程语言程序导入,比如: C/C++, Ruby, Python, Java, Perl, C#, PHP等。YML文件是以数据为核心的,比传统的xml方式更加简洁。
YML文件的扩展名可以使用.yml或者.yaml。
4.1.2.2 yml配置文件的语法 4.1.2.2.1 配置普通数据
语法: key: value
示例代码:
name: haohao
- 注意:value之前有一个空格 ##### 4.1.2.2.2 配置对象数据 - 语法: key: key1: value1 key2: value2 或者: key: {key1: value1,key2: value2} - 示例代码: - ```yaml person: name: haohao age: 31 addr: beijing #或者 person: {name: haohao,age: 31,addr: beijing}
注意:key1前面的空格个数不限定,在yml语法中,相同缩进代表同一个级别
4.1.2.2.2 配置Map数据 同上面的对象写法
4.1.2.2.3 配置数组(List、Set)数据
语法:
key:
- value1
- value2
或者:
key: [value1,value2]
示例代码:
city:
- beijing
- tianjin
- shanghai
- chongqing
city: [beijing,tianjin,shanghai,chongqing]
student:
- name: zhangsan
age: 18
score: 100
- name: lisi
age: 28
score: 88
- name: wangwu
age: 38
score: 90
- 注意:value1与之间的 - 之间存在一个空格 ### 4.1.3 SpringBoot配置信息的查询 上面提及过,SpringBoot的配置文件,主要的目的就是对配置信息进行修改的,但在配置时的key从哪里去查询呢?我们可以查阅SpringBoot的官方文档 文档URL:https://docs.spring.io/spring-boot/docs/2.0.1.RELEASE/reference/htmlsingle/#common-application-properties 常用的配置摘抄如下: ```properties # QUARTZ SCHEDULER (QuartzProperties) spring.quartz.jdbc.initialize-schema=embedded # Database schema initialization mode. spring.quartz.jdbc.schema=classpath:org/quartz/impl/jdbcjobstore/tables_@@platform@@.sql # Path to the SQL file to use to initialize the database schema. spring.quartz.job-store-type=memory # Quartz job store type. spring.quartz.properties.*= # Additional Quartz Scheduler properties. # ---------------------------------------- # WEB PROPERTIES # ---------------------------------------- # EMBEDDED SERVER CONFIGURATION (ServerProperties) server.port=8080 # Server HTTP port. server.servlet.context-path= # Context path of the application. server.servlet.path=/ # Path of the main dispatcher servlet. # HTTP encoding (HttpEncodingProperties) spring.http.encoding.charset=UTF-8 # Charset of HTTP requests and responses. Added to the "Content-Type" header if not set explicitly. # JACKSON (JacksonProperties) spring.jackson.date-format= # Date format string or a fully-qualified date format class name. For instance, `yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss`. # SPRING MVC (WebMvcProperties) spring.mvc.servlet.load-on-startup=-1 # Load on startup priority of the dispatcher servlet. spring.mvc.static-path-pattern=/** # Path pattern used for static resources. spring.mvc.view.prefix= # Spring MVC view prefix. spring.mvc.view.suffix= # Spring MVC view suffix. # DATASOURCE (DataSourceAutoConfiguration & DataSourceProperties) spring.datasource.driver-class-name= # Fully qualified name of the JDBC driver. Auto-detected based on the URL by default. spring.datasource.password= # Login password of the database. spring.datasource.url= # JDBC URL of the database. spring.datasource.username= # Login username of the database. # JEST (Elasticsearch HTTP client) (JestProperties) spring.elasticsearch.jest.password= # Login password. spring.elasticsearch.jest.proxy.host= # Proxy host the HTTP client should use. spring.elasticsearch.jest.proxy.port= # Proxy port the HTTP client should use. spring.elasticsearch.jest.read-timeout=3s # Read timeout. spring.elasticsearch.jest.username= # Login username.
我们可以通过配置application.poperties 或者 application.yml 来修改SpringBoot的默认配置
例如:
application.properties文件
server.port =8888 server.servlet.context-path =demo
application.yml文件
server: port: 8888 servlet: context-path: /demo
4.2 配置文件与配置类的属性映射方式 4.2.1 使用注解@Value映射 我们可以通过@Value注解将配置文件中的值映射到一个Spring管理的Bean的字段上
例如:
application.properties配置如下:
person : name : zhangsan age : 18
或者,application.yml配置如下:
person: name: zhangsan age: 18
实体Bean代码如下:
@Controller public class QuickStartController { @Value ("${person.name}" ) private String name; @Value ("${person.age}" ) private Integer age; @RequestMapping ("/quick" ) @ResponseBody public String quick () { return "springboot 访问成功! name=" +name+",age=" +age; } }
浏览器访问地址:http://localhost:8080/quick 结果如下:
4.2.2 使用注解@ConfigurationProperties映射 通过注解@ConfigurationProperties(prefix=”配置文件中的key的前缀”)可以将配置文件中的配置自动与实体进行映射
application.properties配置如下:
person : name : zhangsan age : 18
或者,application.yml配置如下:
person: name: zhangsan age: 18
实体Bean代码如下:
@Controller @ConfigurationProperties (prefix = "person" )public class QuickStartController { private String name; private Integer age; @RequestMapping ("/quick" ) @ResponseBody public String quick () { return "springboot 访问成功! name=" +name+",age=" +age; } public void setName (String name) { this .name = name; } public void setAge (Integer age) { this .age = age; } }
浏览器访问地址:http://localhost:8080/quick 结果如下:
注意:使用@ConfigurationProperties方式可以进行配置文件与实体字段的自动映射,但需要字段必须提供set方法才可以,而使用@Value注解修饰的字段不需要提供set方法
五、SpringBoot与整合其他技术 5.1 SpringBoot整合Mybatis 5.1.1 添加Mybatis的起步依赖 <dependency > <groupId > org.mybatis.spring.boot</groupId > <artifactId > mybatis-spring-boot-starter</artifactId > <version > 1.1.1</version > </dependency >
5.1.2 添加数据库驱动坐标 <dependency > <groupId > mysql</groupId > <artifactId > mysql-connector-java</artifactId > </dependency >
5.1.3 添加数据库连接信息 在application.properties中添加数据量的连接信息
spring.datasource.driverClassName =com.mysql.jdbc.Driver spring.datasource.url =jdbc:mysql://127.0.0.1:3306/test?useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=utf8 spring.datasource.username =root spring.datasource.password =root
5.1.4 创建user表 在test数据库中创建user表
DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `user` ;CREATE TABLE `user` ( `id` int (11 ) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT, `username` varchar (50 ) DEFAULT NULL , `password` varchar (50 ) DEFAULT NULL , `name` varchar (50 ) DEFAULT NULL , PRIMARY KEY (`id` ) ) ENGINE =InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT=10 DEFAULT CHARSET =utf8; INSERT INTO `user` VALUES ('1' , 'zhangsan' , '123' , '张三' );INSERT INTO `user` VALUES ('2' , 'lisi' , '123' , '李四' );
5.1.5 创建实体Bean public class User { private Long id; private String username; private String password; private String name; }
5.1.6 编写Mapper @Mapper public interface UserMapper { public List<User> queryUserList () ; }
注意:@Mapper标记该类是一个mybatis的mapper接口,可以被spring boot自动扫描到spring上下文中
5.1.7 配置Mapper映射文件 在src\main\resources\mapper路径下加入UserMapper.xml配置文件”
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" ?> <!DOCTYPE mapper PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Mapper 3.0//EN" "http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-mapper.dtd" > <mapper namespace ="com.itheima.mapper.UserMapper" > <select id ="queryUserList" resultType ="user" > select * from user </select > </mapper >
5.1.8 在application.properties中添加mybatis的信息 mybatis.type-aliases-package =com.itheima.domain mybatis.mapper-locations =classpath:mapper/*Mapper.xml
5.1.9 编写测试Controller @Controller public class MapperController { @Autowired private UserMapper userMapper; @RequestMapping ("/queryUser" ) @ResponseBody public List<User> queryUser () { List<User> users = userMapper.queryUserList(); return users; } }
5.1.10 测试
5.2 SpringBoot整合Junit 5.2.1 添加Junit的起步依赖 <dependency > <groupId > org.springframework.boot</groupId > <artifactId > spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId > <scope > test</scope > </dependency >
5.2.2 编写测试类 package com.itheima.test;import com.itheima.MySpringBootApplication;import com.itheima.domain.User;import com.itheima.mapper.UserMapper;import org.junit.Test;import org.junit.runner.RunWith;import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;import org.springframework.boot.test.context.SpringBootTest;import org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringRunner;import java.util.List;@RunWith (SpringRunner.class ) @SpringBootTest (classes = MySpringBootApplication.class ) public class MapperTest { @Autowired private UserMapper userMapper; @Test public void test () { List<User> users = userMapper.queryUserList(); System.out.println(users); } }
其中,
SpringRunner继承自SpringJUnit4ClassRunner,使用哪一个Spring提供的测试测试引擎都可以
public final class SpringRunner extends SpringJUnit4ClassRunner
@SpringBootTest的属性指定的是引导类的字节码对象
5.2.3 控制台打印信息
5.3 SpringBoot整合Spring Data JPA 5.3.1 添加Spring Data JPA的起步依赖 <dependency > <groupId > org.springframework.boot</groupId > <artifactId > spring-boot-starter-data-jpa</artifactId > </dependency >
5.3.2 添加数据库驱动依赖 <dependency > <groupId > mysql</groupId > <artifactId > mysql-connector-java</artifactId > </dependency >
5.3.3 在application.properties中配置数据库和jpa的相关属性 spring.datasource.driverClassName =com.mysql.jdbc.Driver spring.datasource.url =jdbc:mysql://127.0.0.1:3306/test?useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=utf8 spring.datasource.username =root spring.datasource.password =root spring.jpa.database =MySQL spring.jpa.show-sql =true spring.jpa.generate-ddl =true spring.jpa.hibernate.ddl-auto =update spring.jpa.hibernate.naming_strategy =org.hibernate.cfg.ImprovedNamingStrategy
5.3.4 创建实体配置实体 @Entity public class User { @Id @GeneratedValue (strategy = GenerationType.IDENTITY) private Long id; private String username; private String password; private String name; }
5.3.5 编写UserRepository public interface UserRepository extends JpaRepository <User ,Long > { public List<User> findAll () ; }
5.3.6 编写测试类 @RunWith (SpringRunner.class ) @SpringBootTest (classes =MySpringBootApplication.class ) public class JpaTest { @Autowired private UserRepository userRepository; @Test public void test () { List<User> users = userRepository.findAll(); System.out.println(users); } }
5.3.7 控制台打印信息
注意:如果是jdk9,执行报错如下:
原因:jdk缺少相应的jar
解决方案:手动导入对应的maven坐标,如下:
<dependency > <groupId > javax.xml.bind</groupId > <artifactId > jaxb-api</artifactId > <version > 2.3.0</version > </dependency >
5.4 SpringBoot整合Redis 5.4.1 添加redis的起步依赖 <dependency > <groupId > org.springframework.boot</groupId > <artifactId > spring-boot-starter-data-redis</artifactId > </dependency >
5.4.2 配置redis的连接信息 spring.redis.host =127.0.0.1 spring.redis.port =6379
5.4.3 注入RedisTemplate测试redis操作 @RunWith (SpringRunner.class ) @SpringBootTest (classes = SpringbootJpaApplication.class ) public class RedisTest { @Autowired private UserRepository userRepository; @Autowired private RedisTemplate<String, String> redisTemplate; @Test public void test () throws JsonProcessingException { String userListData = redisTemplate.boundValueOps("user.findAll" ).get(); if (null ==userListData){ List<User> all = userRepository.findAll(); ObjectMapper om = new ObjectMapper(); userListData = om.writeValueAsString(all); redisTemplate.boundValueOps("user.findAll" ).set(userListData); System.out.println("===============从数据库获得数据===============" ); }else { System.out.println("===============从redis缓存中获得数据===============" ); } System.out.println(userListData); } }